金属有机骨架衍生材料在样品前处理中的应用研究进展

样品前处理技术在复杂样品的整个分析过程中起着至关重要的作用,其不仅可以提高痕量目标物在样品中的浓度,而且能有效消除样品基质对分析的干扰。对于样品前处理技术而言,吸附剂是其最为核心部分。因此开发高效、稳定的新型吸附剂已成为前处理技术领域的研究热点。近年来,由金属有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)衍生的多孔材料因其形貌结构多样、孔径可调、比表面积高、热稳定性良好、耐化学腐蚀等优异性能,使其在样品前处理领域拥有广阔的应用前景,基于MOFs衍生材料的样品前处理新方法也层出不穷。然而,MOFs衍生材料仍存在MOFs前驱体合成工艺复杂、生产成本高、量产困难等问题。该文总结了近几年来MOFs衍生材料在分散固相萃取(dSPE)、磁固相萃取(MSPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、搅拌棒固相萃取(SBSE)和分散微固相萃取(DMSPE)等样品前处理技术中的研究进展,并对多种MOFs衍生材料的制备方法、功能化调控、富集效率等方面进行了评述。最后,展望了MOFs衍生材料在该领域中的应用前景,为进一步研究MOFs衍生材料的应用提供了参考。     

柚皮素三乙胺盐一水合物的制备、晶体结构及溶解度

柚皮素是一种天然黄酮类化合物,几乎不溶于水。利用晶体工程学原理可以有效改善天然产物的溶解性。本文合成了柚皮素和三乙胺的有机盐一水合物[C_(15)H_(11)O_5]-·[C_6H_(16)N]+·H_2O,测定了其晶体结构。解析结果表明,有机盐水合物属于单斜晶系,P2_1/n空间群。柚皮素7取代位的羟基上的质子转移到了三乙胺的N原子上,并形成了N~+—H....O~-氢键。羟基阴离子与4'取代位上的羟基形成了O—H....O~-氢键,产生了一维的氢键链状结构。水分子通过两种氢键作用将一维的氢键链连接成二维的氢键网络。形成三乙胺盐一水合物后,柚皮素在水中的溶解度增加了20倍。     

Special control of the cutoff frequencies in a 2D photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide

We show theoretically that the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of the guided band in a 2D photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide can be controlled independently or synchronously by changing two configuration parameters of the waveguide simultaneously. The independent control range for the lower and upper cutoff frequencies can be as large as 68.6% and 67.9% of photonic band gap, respectively. The two cutoff frequencies can also be tuned in the same direction over equal distances up to 25.7% of photonic band gap. These results offer an efficient way for designing the various dispersion relations for photonic crystal waveguides.     

Tunable dual-band infrared polarization filter based on a metal-dielectric-metal compound rectangular strip array

A tunable dual-band infrared polarization filter is proposed and investigated. Based on the perfect absorption characteristic of the metal-dielectric-metal sandwich structure, the reflection spectrum performs as a filter. The filter consists of three layers. The top layer is a compound metal nano-structure array comprised of rectangular strips. The middle and bottom layers are a dielectric spacer and metal film, respectively. The calculated results show that the filter properties are closely related to the polarization of the incident light. Different dual-band wavelengths are filtered while the incident light has different polarizations, which are parallel or vertical to the x axis. Moreover, it is found that the resonant wavelength strongly depends on the length of the rectangular strip(which causes the resonant effect) and is independent of other strips. Therefore, the filter wavelengths can be tuned freely by adjusting the length of the corresponding rectangular strip. In addition, the calculated results show that all of the intensities at the filter wavelengths are closed to zero, which implies that the filter exhibits good filtering performance.     

求解最大二等分问题的混合二进制人工蜂群算法

为更好地解决最大二等分问题,提出了一种求解该问题的混合二进制人工蜂群算法。首先,针对传统人工蜂群算法不能解决离散问题的缺陷,根据最大二等分问题的特点,重新设计了蜂群的食物源更新方法,新产生的食物源既继承了先前找到的高质量解的优良结构,又具有良好的多样性。其次,采用填充函数算法对新产生的食物源进行进一步优化,有效提高了人工蜂群算法的局部搜索能力。最后,通过比较混合二进制人工蜂群算法和其他现有算法对不同规模标准测试例子的计算结果,验证了本算法的优越性。     

Numerical simulations of laser light guiding and focusing using an open hollow cone

An open hollow cone that can optically guide and focus a laser light into a small beam spot is proposed. The shaping and focusing effects are numerically demonstrated by finite-difference time-domain simulations. The results reveal that the cone-focused laser originates from the multi-beam interference and squeeze of two cone side walls acting like oblique targets. Moreover, the influences of oblique incident angle of laser light, cone angle and cone tip size on the focusing properties are discussed and the optimum cone geometry with cone angle of 16° and tip size of 4.5 wavelengths to achieve high energy concentration at the cone tip is also presented. It is shown that with an open hollow cone a laser light can be focused into a tiny highly localized beam spot of 1 µm diameter and keeps propagating forward for a distance of about 8 wavelengths with a tiny spot diameter remaining almost unchanged. The intensity almost increases up to twentyfold in a 1 µm focal spot.     

求解最大二等分问题的混合二进制人工蜂群算法

为更好地解决最大二等分问题,提出了一种求解该问题的混合二进制人工蜂群算法。首先,针对传统人工蜂群算法不能解决离散问题的缺陷,根据最大二等分问题的特点,重新设计了蜂群的食物源更新方法,新产生的食物源既继承了先前找到的高质量解的优良结构,又具有良好的多样性。其次,采用填充函数算法对新产生的食物源进行进一步优化,有效提高了人工蜂群算法的局部搜索能力。最后,通过比较混合二进制人工蜂群算法和其他现有算法对不同规模标准测试例子的计算结果,验证了本算法的优越性。     

不同风险态度下的三层供应链集成优化

研究了在决策者不同风险态度下的由供应商、分销商和零售商组成三层供应链集成优化问题。考虑供应链中价格、质量、交货、需求和供应的不确定风险因素为模糊变量,应用可信性理论建立了模糊机会约束规划模型,可信性测度的置信水平代表了决策者的风险偏好程度。使用模糊变量的乐观值和悲观值将机会约束转化为清晰的等价形式。最后,通过数值算例分析了决策者的风险态度的变化对集成供应链的影响。     

Some rigidity theorems for locally symmetrical Finsler manifolds

In this paper we study some rigidity properties for locally symmetrical Finsler manifolds and obtain some results. We obtain the local equivalent characterization for a Finsler manifold to be locally symmetrical and prove that any locally symmetrical Finsler manifold with nonzero flag curvature must be Riemannian. We also generalize a rigidity result due to Akbar-Zadeh.     

土壤光谱重建的湿地土壤有机质含量多光谱反演

土壤有机质是湿地生态系统的重要元素,利用多光谱遥感技术可大尺度、快速获取其含量信息,对保护湿地生态系统具有重要意义。然而,由于不同地物光谱混合给多光谱数据带来光谱畸变,影响湿地土壤有机质含量的反演精度。为了消除不同地物光谱混合,实现湿地土壤有机质含量的准确、实时监测,以闽江鳝鱼滩湿地为研究区,利用线性波谱分解技术对原始影像的像元进行分解,重建土壤光谱,分析原始光谱、重建光谱与土壤有机质含量的相关性后,建立土壤有机质含量的反演模型。结果表明：利用线性波谱分解技术可有效消除原始影像中的植被端元,减少大部分道路及建筑物的反射干扰,重建后的土壤光谱特征曲线更趋近于自然状态下土壤的光谱曲线,重建效果显著;通过两种光谱与土壤有机质含量的相关系数对比,重建光谱更能准确的反映土壤光谱与土壤有机质含量的相关性;运用重建光谱构建土壤有机质含量的反演模型,其预测精度优于基于原始光谱的反演模型,R2和F分别提高0.124和2.223,RMSE则降低0.106,1∶1线检验的预测值与实测值的拟合度更高,模型可行且有效。由此得出结论,利用线性波谱分解技术消除不同地物光谱混合,重建土壤光谱,一定程度上可实现在自然条件下湿地土壤有机质含量的大面积、准确检测,具有较好的实际应用价值。